Torque Self-Test: Angular Acceleration

Schematic diagram of the bicycle wheel
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of the bicycle wheel

You spin a bicycle wheel (diameter of 0.85 m, mass of 4.5 kg), applying a force of 24 N tangentially. You will find the angular acceleration of the wheel by the following steps.

(a) What is the torque on the wheel?

  • A. 5.1 N m
  • B. 9.8 N m
  • C. 10.2 N m
  • D. 20.4 Nm

 

(b) Assuming the wheel is a thin-walled hollow cylinder, what is its moment of inertia?

Moment of inertia is the rotational analogue to mass.
 Here is a list of moments of inertia for various bodies:

Shape Axis Equation
slender Rod axis through center I=(1/12)ML2
slender Rod axis through end I=(1/3)ML2
rectangular plane axis through center I=(1/2)M(a2+b2)
rectangular plane axis along edge I=(1/3)Ma2
cylinder hollow I=(1/2)M(R12+R22)
cylinder solid I=(1/2)MR2
cylinder thin-walled hollow I=MR2
sphere solid I=(2/5)MR2
sphere thin-walled hollow I=(2/3)MR2

 

  • A. 0.761 kg m2
  • B. 0.813 kg m2
  • C. 1.015 kg m2
  • D. 1.137 kg m2
  • A. No: Remember it is a THIN cylinder (or ring)
  • B. Correct
  • C. No: Remember it is a THIN cylinder (or ring)
  • D. No: Remember it is a THIN cylinder (or ring)

 

(c) Find the angular acceleration, α , of the wheel.

  • A. 12.5 rad/s2
  • B. 14.0 rad/s2
  • C. 15.8 rad/s2
  • D. 18.4 rad/s2
  • A. Correct
  • B. No. Remember for this wheel tou have determined that I=0.813Nm2 and Torque  =10.2Nm
  • C.  No. Remember for this wheel tou have determined that I=0.813Nm2 and Torque  =10.2Nm
  • D.  No. Remember for this wheel tou have determined that I=0.813Nm2 and Torque  =10.2Nm

 

(a) The torque is:

τ=r×F

=(0.425)(24)sin(90)

=10.2Nm

(b) The moment of inertia for a thin-walled, hollow cylinder is:

I=MR2

=(4.5)0.4252

=0.813kgm2

(c) Recall that the net torque is equal to the moment of inertia multiplied by angular acceleration:

τIα

Since there is only one torque on the bicycle wheel, then the net torque is simply τ:

τ=Iα

Rearranging the above equation for α , and substituting for τ and I, we get:

α=TI=10.20.813=12.5s2